Diagnosing Individuality Problems

Personality traits are enduring, in most cases rigid patterns of behavior, thinking (cognition), and emoting expressed in a variety of circumstances and conditions and throughout one's life (commonly from early adolescence onward). Some personality traits are dangerous to both oneself and to other people. These are the dysfunctional traits. Typically they trigger discomfort and the person bearing these traits is unhappy and self-vital. This is referred to as ego-dystony. At other instances, even the most pernicious personality traits are happily endorsed and even flaunted by the patient. This is referred to as "ego-syntony".

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) describes 12 ideal "prototypes" of personality disorders. It delivers lists of seven to nine personality traits per each and every disorder. These are referred to as "diagnostic criteria". Whenever five of these criteria are met, a qualified mental health diagnostician can safely diagnose the existence of a personality disorder.

But vital caveats apply.

No two many people are alike. Even subjects suffering from the very same personality disorder can be worlds apart as far as their backgrounds, actual conduct, inner world, character, social interactions, and temperament go.

Diagnosing the existence of a personality trait (applying the diagnostic criteria) is an art, not a science. Evaluating someone's conduct, appraising the patient's cognitive and emotional landscape, and attributing motivation to him or her, is a matter of judgment. There is no calibrated scientific instrument that can provide us with an objective reading of no matter whether one particular lacks empathy, is unscrupulous, is sexualizing conditions and many people, or is clinging and needy.

Regrettably, the process is inevitably tainted by value judgments as well. Mental health practitioners are only human (well, OK, some of them are...:o)). They hail from particular social, financial, and cultural backgrounds. They do their top to neutralize their individual bias and prejudices but their efforts commonly fail. A large number of critics charge that certain personality disorders are "culture-bound". They reflect our modern sensitivities and values rather than invariable psychological entities and constructs.

Therefore, somebody with the Antisocial Personality Disorder is supposed to disrespect social guidelines and regard himself as a zero cost agent. He lacks conscience and is commonly a criminal. This suggests that non-conformists, dissenters, and dissidents can be pathologized and labeled "antisocial". Indeed, authoritarian regimes commonly incarcerate their opponents in mental asylums based on such dubious "diagnoses". Moreover, crime is a profession option. Granted, it is a dangerous and unpalatable one particular. But considering the fact that when is one's option of vocation a mental health situation?

If you think in telepathy and UFOs and have bizarre rituals, mannerisms, and speech patterns, you may well be diagnosed with the Schizotypal Personality Disorder. If you shun other people and are a loner, you may well be a Schizoid. And the list goes on.

To keep away from these pitfalls, the DSM came up with a multi-axial model of personality evaluation.

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